9780323524728

9780323524735

0323524737

Front Cover; Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; List of Contributors; Preface to the Third Edition; I. Analysis and Testing; 1. Analysis of Failures of Metallic Materials Due to Environmental Factors; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Classification of Failures; 1.2.1 Material/Manufacturing-Related Causes; 1.2.2 Environment-Related Causes; 1.2.3 Environment-Related Categories; 1.2.4 Environmentally Induced Failures; 1.3 Analysis of Failures; 1.3.1 Site Visit; 1.3.2 Testing of Samples; 1.3.3 Analysis, Interpretation, and Diagnosis of the Failure

1.3.4 Submission of Failure Analysis Report1.4 Case Histories of Environmental-Related Failures; 1.4.1 Failure of a Natural Gas Feed Preheater in a Fertilizer Plant; 1.4.2 Failure of a Reformer Tube in a Fertilizer Plant; 1.4.3 Failure of a Furnace Tube in a Petrochemical Plant; 1.4.4 Failure of Plate Elements in a Plate-Type Heat Exchanger in a Sulfuric Acid Plant; 1.4.5 Failure of Tubes in an Alcohol Superheater in a Petrochemical Plant; 1.4.6 Failure of Package Boiler Tubes in an Alcohol Distillery; 1.5 Conclusion; References; 2. Laboratory Assessment of Corrosion; 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Immersion Tests2.2.1 Corrosion Testing; 2.2.2 Environmentally Assisted Cracking; 2.2.3 Other Tests and Factors; 2.3 Cabinet Tests; 2.4 Electrochemical Tests; 2.5 Conclusions; References; Further Reading; 3. Paint Weathering Tests; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Degradation Processes; 3.2.1 UV Radiation; 3.2.2 Water; 3.2.3 Temperature; 3.2.4 Other Exposure Variables; 3.3 Outdoor Exposure; 3.3.1 Climate; 3.3.2 Exposure Conditions; 3.3.3 Accelerated Outdoor Exposure; 3.3.4 Ultraaccelerated Outdoor Exposure; 3.4 Artificial Accelerated Weathering Tests; 3.4.1 Spectral Power Distribution

3.4.2 Fluorescent Light Sources3.4.3 Carbon Arc-Light Sources; 3.4.4 Xenon Arc-Light Sources; 3.4.5 Experimental Weathering Devices; 3.5 Test Cycles; 3.6 Postexposure Testing; 3.6.1 Appearance Testing; 3.7 Nontraditional Material Evaluations; 3.7.1 Chemical Metrics of Weatherability; 3.7.2 Mechanical Tests; 3.8 Further Reading; References; 4. Polymer Coatings for Concrete Surfaces: Testing and Modeling; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Materials; 4.3 Testing Programs and Results; 4.3.1 Hydrostatic Tests; 4.3.1.1 Measurements; 4.3.2 Bonding Tests

4.3.3 Pinhole Test-Chemical Resistance (CIGMAT CT-1, Modified ASTM G 20)4.3.3.1 Failure Criteria; 4.3.3.2 Coated-Concrete Failure Types; 4.3.3.3 Time-to-failure Factor; 4.4 Modeling Liquid Transport Into Coated Concrete; 4.4.1 Physical Model; 4.4.2 Case 1. No Chemical Reaction; 4.4.3 Case 2. With Chemical Reaction; 4.4.4 Assumptions in the Models; 4.4.5 Film Model (Model 1); 4.4.6 Bulk Model (Based on Concrete); 4.4.6.1 Nonreactive Solution (Model 2); 4.4.6.2 Reactive Solution (Model 3); 4.4.6.3 Effect of Holiday Sizes; 4.4.7 Verifications of Models; 4.4.7.1 Film Model (Model 1)

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