Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
1 A Brief History of Metal Soaps in Paintings From a Conservation Perspective
Part I Formation, Migration and Environmental Influences
2 Zinc Soaps: An Overview of Zinc Oxide Reactivity and Consequences of Soap Formation in Oil-Based Paintings
3 Towards a Complete Molecular Model for the Formation of Metal Soaps in Oil Paints
4 Understanding the Dynamics and Structure of Lead Soaps in Oil Paintings Using Multinuclear NMR
5 Historical Evolutions of Lead-Fat Formula from Antiquity to Modern Times: An Echo Between Pharmacy and Painting
6 Impact of Lead Soaps on the Formation of Age Craquelure
7 An Investigation into Metal Ions in Varnish Coatings
8 Ageing of Natural Resins in Presence of Pigments: Metal Soaps and Oxalates Formation
9 Factors Affecting the Reactivity of Zinc Oxide with Different Drying Oils: A Vibrational Spectroscopy Study
Part II Innovative Approaches to the Characterization of Metal Soaps and Oxalates
10 Tracking Metal Oxalates and Carboxylates on Painting Surfaces by Non-Invasive Reflection Mid-FTIR Spectroscopy
11 Identification and Distribution of Metal Soaps and Oxalates in Oil and Tempera Paint Layers in 15th Century Altarpieces Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
12 Photoluminescence Micro-Imaging Sheds New Light on Phase Characterization in the Development of Metal Soaps in Historical Paintings
13 Physicochemistry of Pure Lead(II) Soaps: Crystal Structures, Solid and Liquid Mesophases, and Glass Phases: Crystallographic, Calorimetric and Pair Distribution Function Analysis
Part III Characterization and Treatment
14 Taking Different Forms: Metal Soaps in Paintings, Diagnosis of Condition, and Issues for Treatment
15 Characterization and Removal of a Disfiguring Oxalate Crust on a Large Altarpiece by Hans Memling
16 The Development of an Aqueous Gel Testing Procedure for the Removal of Lead-Rich Salt Crusts on the Surface of Paintings by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini (1675-1741) in the ‘Golden Room’ of the Mauritshuis
17 The Formation of Calcium Fatty Acid Salts in Oil Paint: Two Case Studies
Part IV Case Studies in 19th and 20th Century Art: Artists and Paint Makers
18 Everything Old is New Again: Revisiting a Historical Symposium on Zinc Oxide Paint Films
19 Notes on Metal Soap Extenders in Modern Oil Paints: History, Use, Degradation, and Analysis
20 Delamination due to Zinc Soap Formation in an Oil Painting by Piet Mondrian (1872-1944): Conservation Issues and Possible Implications for Treatment
21 Paint Delamination as a Result of Zinc Soap Formation in an Early Mondrian Painting
22 Photometric Stereo by UV-Induced Fluorescence to Detect Protrusions on Georgia O’Keeffe’s Paintings
23 A Montparnasse Disease? Severe Manifestations of Metal Soaps in Paintings by Pierre Soulages from around 1959-1960 (Delaminating Oil Paint Layers, Medium Exudates, Discolourations)
24 Seldom Black and White: The Works of Franz Kline.