Introduction
The discovery of Indo-European
Writing: its history and its decipherment
Sound change
Analogy and change in word structure
Syntactic change
Semantic change
Lexical borrowing
Lexical change and etymology: the study of words
Language, dialect, and standard
Dialect geography and dialectology
Language spread, link languages, and bilingualism
Convergence: dialectology beyond language boundaries
Pidgins, creoles, and related forms of language
Language death
Comparative method: establishing language relationship
Proto-world?: the question of long-distance genetic relationships
Linguistic palaeontology: historical linguistics, history, and prehistory