Introduction: A general history of concepts of exile
Exile as expulsion and wandering : Joseph Roth, Sholem Aleichem, Stefan Zweig
Exile as aesthetic revolt and an inward turn : Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Robert Musil, Hermann Broch
Exile as social renewal : Theodor Herzl, Max Nordau
Exile as resistance and a moral stance : Karl Kraus, Arthur Schnitzler
Exile as gender marginalization and the independence of the femme fatale : Alma Mahler
Exile as an escape from patriarchal oppression : Franz Werfel
Exile as anxiety and involuntary memory : Franz Kafka, Sigmund Freud, Marcel Proust, Bruno Schulz
Exile as doom and revenge : Hermann Ungar
Exile as a loss of identity : Saul Friedländer
Exile as abandonment : Peter Weiss
Exile as bearing witness : Elie Wiesel
Exile as dehumanization : Primo Levi
Exile as an awakening of consciousness : Jiří Weil, Ladislav Fuks, Arnošt Lustig
Exile as a feeling of meaninglessness : Egon Hostovský
Exile as transformation and a will to meaning : Viktor Frankl, Simon Wiesenthal.