The EU and NATO on the eve of the Libyan war : strategy and institutions
Bloody spring : the Libya conflict of 2011
Intervention : half-hearted hard power
The years of missed opportunities : soft power to the test, 2012-2014
Civil war and proxy war : from soft to hard security crisis, 2015-2016
From state-building to containment : eluding or deputizing hard security measures, 2016-2018
From a proxy war to an international conflict : the need for hard power, 2019 and beyond
Conclusions and heading forward.