9780807003466

0807003468

9780807003473

"A sweeping history of Indigenous traditions of gender and sexuality that decolonizes North America's past and reveals how Two-Spirit people are reclaiming their place in Native nations"-- Provided by publisher.

Reclaiming Two-Spirits decolonizes the history of gender and sexuality in Native North America. It honors the generations of Indigenous people who had the foresight to take essential aspects of their cultural life and spiritual beliefs underground in order to save them. Before 1492, hundreds of Indigenous communities across North America included people who identified as neither male nor female, but both. They went by aak̕̕'skassi, miati, okitcitakwe or one of hundreds of other tribally specific identities. After European colonizers invaded Indian Country, centuries of violence and systematic persecution followed, imperiling the existence of people who today call themselves Two-Spirits, an umbrella term denoting feminine and masculine qualities in one person. Drawing on written sources, archaeological evidence, art, and oral storytelling, Reclaiming Two-Spirits spans the centuries from Spanish invasion to the present, tracing massacres and inquisitions and revealing how the authors of colonialism's written archives used language to both denigrate and erase Two-Spirit people from history. But as Gregory Smithers shows, the colonizers failed--and Indigenous resistance is core to this story. Reclaiming Two-Spirits amplifies their voices, reconnecting their history to Native nations in the 21st century.--Publisher website.

Queer action/queer ideas

Series note / Michael Bronski

Prologue

PART 1: JUDGMENTS

Invasion

"Hermaphrodites"

Sin

Effeminacy

Strange

PART 2: STORIES

Resilience

Place

Paths

PART 3: RECLAIMING

Reawakening

Two-Spirits

Love

Futures.

Two-spirit people > History.

Indians of North America > Social life and customs.

Gender identity > North America > History.

Indians of North America > Social life and customs.