Introduction: In Appreciation of Gyula Klima (Joshua P. Hochschild)
Part I. Before Aquinas
Chapter 1. Pythagoras, the Philosopher and Grammar Teacher (Br. Lib. Add. MS 37516 recto) (István Bodnár)
Chapter 2. Abelard on Existential Inference (Peter King)
Chapter 3. Rereading "Saint Anselm's Proof" (Daniel Patrick Moloney)
Chapter 4. Albert the Great Among the Pygmies: Explaining Animal Intelligence in the Thirteenth Century (Peter G. Sobol)
Part II. Aquinas
Chapter 5. "The Essential Differentiae of Things are Unknown to Us":Thomas Aquinas on the Limits of the Knowability of Natural Substances (Fabrizio Amerini)
Chapter 6. Aquinas, perversor philosophiae suae (Gábor Borbély)
Chapter 7. Knowing Non-existent Natures: A Problem for Aquinas's Semantics of Essence (Turner C. Nevitt)
Chapter 8. Metaphors, Dead and Alive (Martin Klein)
Chapter 9. Truth and Person in Aquinas's De veritate (Robert J. Dobie)
Chapter 10. Transcendentals Explained Through Syncategoremata: Is Being as Truth a Transcendental According to Thomas Aquinas? (Giovanni Ventimiglia)
Chapter 11. Truth as a Transcendental (Edward Feser)
Part III. Ockham and Buridan
Chapter 12. Four Notes on the Grammar of Ockham's Mental Language (Claude Panaccio)
Chapter 13. Thoughts About Things: Aquinas, Buridan and Late Medieval Nominalism (Calvin G. Normore)
Chapter 14. Buridan's Reinterpretation of Natural Possibility and Necessity (Guido Alt)
Chapter 15. The Semantic Account of Formal Consequence, from Alfred Tarski Back to John Buridan (Jacob Archambault)
Chapter 16. Skeptical Motivators in Buridan's Philosophy of Science (Ariane Economos)
Part IV. Other Scholastics
Chapter 17. Parody or Touch-Up? Duns Scotus's Engagement with Anselm's Proslogion Argument (Giorgio Pini)
Chapter 18. De se vs. de facto Ontology in Late-Medieval Realism (Laurent Cesalli)
Chapter 19. Connotation vs. Extrinsic Denomination: Peter Auriol on Intentions and Intellectual Cognition (Giacomo Fornasieri)
Chapter 20. Temporal Origins Essentialism and Gappy Existence in Marsilius of Inghen's Quaestiones super libros De generatione et corruptione (Adam Wood))
Chapter 21. John of Ripa and the Metaphysics of Christology (Richard Cross)
Afterword
Gyula Klima as Medievalist: A Select Bibliographical Essay (Jacob Archambault).