"The Negro, North and South" : racial stigma in nineteenth-century Grand Rapids
"In colored circles" : the shape of African American civil society
"Thirteen races and nationalities" : the politics of race relations in the age of Booker T. Washington
Making opportunity : new Negroes and the struggle against Jim Crow
"Southern Negroes flock to Michigan" : social welfare and northern migration
The making of the Brough Community Association : the limits of class and interracial cooperation
"Today's Negro and tomorrow's world" : African American protest and the politics of leadership
Conclusion : "Outstreched hand into a clenched fist".