Executive Summary
Introduction
Scope and Approach of the SAP 4.6 1-3
Climate Change in the United States: Context for an Assessment of Impacts on Human Systems
Rising temperatures
Trends in precipitation
Rising sea levels and erosion of coastal zones
Changes in Extreme Conditions
Population Trends and Migration Patterns: A Context for Assessing Climate-related Impacts
Trends in total U.S. Population
Migration patterns
Complex Linkages: The Role of Non-climate Factors
Economic status
Technology
Infrastructure
Human and Social Capital and Behaviors
Institutions
Interacting effects
Reporting Uncertainty in SAP
Human health
Introduction
Observed Climate-Sensitive Health Outcomes in the United States
Thermal Extremes: Heat Waves
Thermal Extremes: Cold Waves
Extreme Events: Hurricanes, Floods, and Wildfires
Indirect Health Impacts of Climate Change
Projected Health Impacts of Climate Change in the United States
Heat-Related Mortality
Hurricanes, Floods, Wildfires and Health Impacts
Vectorborne and Zoonotic Diseases
Water- and Foodborne Diseases
Air Quality Morbidity and Mortality
Vulnerable Regions and Subpopulations
Vulnerable Regions
Specific Subpopulations at Risk
Adaptation
Actors and Their Roles and Responsibilities for Adaptation
Adaptation Measures to Manage Climate Change-Related Health Risks
Conclusions.