The historical purpose and meaning of the First Amendment's establishment clause
Religion and government in the 1700s : the "establishment"
The states' pre-constitution Declarations of Rights
The states' demands for a "Bill of Rights" as part of the Constitution
The First Congress's consideration of a Bill of Rights: May to September, 1789
The meaning of "meaning": words mean today, and tomorrow, what they meant when written
The author's own understanding: Congress's contemporaneous acts in 1789
The author's own understanding: Congress's subsequent acts
A meaning consistent with the states' own constitutions and laws in 1789
A meaning consistent with amendments proposed by ratifying states
A meaning consistent with Madison's passions
Irony of ironies: the Supreme Court extends the establishment clause's disablement to the states
Jefferson's metaphorical "wall of separation": a wall of colloquial concoction
The Supreme Court flunks First Amendment history and sends religion, God, and Christmas underground
The consequences of a rewritten history: the Everson aftermath.