Intro
Endorsements
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
Abbreviations
Introduction
Heritage takes shape
The heritage system
The focus of the book
Internal tensions and external pressures
Note
Part 1: Heritage in modern society
1.1. A new world
Ancient origins of a modern idea
Heritage and the new social order
Heritage in social and political life
Development of the conservation movement in Europe
Expansion of the conservation movement in other parts of the world
Development of nature conservation movements
The World's Fairs
Heritage protection legislations: Beginnings
National heritage protection laws
Notes
1.2. A modern construct
The origin of international heritage conservation principles
The first international legal frameworks
Two visions on nature conservation
National heritage legislation in the inter-war period (1918-1939)
The protection of natural heritage
Notes
1.3. Contemporary frameworks
The UNESCO conventions
Other international conventions
National heritage legislation after World War II
Growth of destructive forces
Management weaknesses
Conflicts and other threats
Notes
Part 2: Internal tensions
2.1. Which history, whose heritage
History and heritage
Heritage as a symbol
AHD
Notes
2.2. Universalism and its discontents
Universalism vs diversity
Cultural diversity and heritage
Instrumental universalism? The case of the return of cultural properties
New approaches to heritage
The Burra Charter
Notes
2.3. Two false dichotomies
Tangible/intangible
Culture/nature
Notes
2.4. The landscape nexus
Landscape in history
Modern concepts of landscape
Landscape and world heritage
Designed landscapes
Living landscapes
Fossil landscapes
Associative landscapes
Urban Landscapes
Natural landscapes
The European Landscape Convention
Notes
2.5. Good and bad heritage
Dissonant heritage
Negative heritage and world heritage
Issues of memorialisation
Removal of negative heritage
Sites of Conscience
Some recent tensions
Toxic heritage
Notes
2.6. Colonial and post-colonial worlds
The consequences of colonialism
Post-colonial heritage
The role of archaeology
Protecting cultural heritage
The rise of environmental protection
Notes
1.4. Meanings and values
The function of heritage
Past, future, and a paradox
Heritage and the nation state
The growth of interest in monuments and archaeology
Alois Riegl and the value-based approach
Modern value systems
Socio-cultural values
Natural heritage values
Economic values
Notes
1.5. Successes and failures
Successes
Heritage as a public policy
The accomplishments of the World Heritage Convention
Failures
Limits of heritage protection