Earlier RAND study
Changes since the earlier RAND study
Organization of this report
Overview of data and approach
Data
Defining retention and promotion milestones
Approach for estimating differences and for defining key variables
Approach for estimating the probability that officers progress through several
Milestones
Defining race and ethnicity
Identifying occupations partially closed to women officers
Control variables
Results on minority and gender differences in career progression
Conditional differences in achieving career milestones
Likelihood of achieving early and later career milestones
Results on female officer career progression differences in restricted
Occupations
Summary and conclusions
Comparison of results with earlier rand study
New results for the later career
Career progression in occupations partially closed to women.