The heritage of antiquity
The eighth and ninth centuries. The reception of ancient texts in the Carolingian era ; The heritage of the church
The synthesis of ancient Greek theory and medieval practice. Hucbald of St. Amand and Regino of Prüm ; Alia musica ; Pseudo-Bernelinus, Bern of Reichenau, pseudo-Odo, and Guido d'Arezzo.