The Chinese private maritime trade and global integration
Reconsidering overseas trade : the Chinese intellectual response to the emerging global economy
The northeast Asian trade network, the Manchu, pro-commerce tradition, and the 1684 open-door trade policy
Enriching the state by cherishing private trade : the Kangxi emperor and the 1684 open trade policy
Separating trade from tribute : Kangxi ends the tribute trade system
The establishment of the Qing maritime customs system and the growth of private trade
Economic interest, security concern, and the tribute system : Kangxi's response to Tokugawa Japan's license system
The Kangxi emperor bans trade with Southeast Asia
Western merchants, local interests, and Christian penetration : a new interpretation of the Canton system.