Introduction: Race, language and national identity in Afro-Panamanian literary discourse
National rhetoric and suppression of Black consciousness in poems by Federico Escobar and Gaspar Octavio Hernández
Anti-West Indianism and anti-imperialism in Joaquín Beleño's Canal Zone trilogy
Revising the canon : historical revisionism in Cubena's trilogy
West Indian/Caribbean consciousness in works by Melva Lowe de Goodin, Gerardo Maloney, Carlos Wilson, and Carlos E. Russell
Beyond Blackness? : new generation Afro-Panamanian writers Melanie Taylor and Carlos Oriel Wynter Melo
Conclusion: Forging Afro-Panamanian identity?.