V. 1. The role of the environment. The peninsulas : mountains, plateaux, and plains ; The heart of the Mediterranean : seas and coasts ; Boundaries : the greater Mediterranean ; The Mediterranean as a physical unit : climate and history ; The Mediterranean as a human unit : communications and cities
Collective destinies and general trends. Economies : the measure of the century ; Economies : precious metals, money, and prices ; Economies : trade and transport.
V. 2. Collective destinies and general trends (continued). Empires ; Societies ; Civilizations ; The forms of war ; By way of conclusion : conjuncture and conjunctures
Events, politics and people. 1550-1559 : war and peace in Europe ; The last six years of Turkish supremacy : 1559-1565 ; Origins of the Holy League : 1566-1570 ; Lepanto ; Turco-Spanish peace treaties : 1577-1584 ; Out of the limelight : the Mediterranean after 1580.