Introduction
Part I. Abdulhamid II: Nationalist awakenings in the nineteenth century Ottoman Empire
The massacres of 1894-1896
Part II. The young Turks: A more Turkish Empire
The eastern river
The western river, and downstream
A policy of genocide
Part III. Mustafa Kemal and the nationalists: Historical background, 1918-1924
Turks and Armenians, 1919-1924
Turks and Greeks, 1919-1924
Conclusion.