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Inventing Byzantine iconoclasm
Author
Title
Inventing Byzantine iconoclasm / Leslie Brubaker.
ISBN
9781853997501
1853997501
Published
London : Bristol Classical Press, 2012.
Physical Description
xvi, 134 pages : illustrations, maps ; 24 cm.
Summary
This title presents an important re-examination of the Byzantine iconoclasm - the widespread phenomenon of destruction of images that took place in the 7th to 9th centuries AD - by the leading scholar in the field.
Format
Books
Language
English
Added to Catalog
January 10, 2020
Series
Studies in early medieval history
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents
1 Introduction: what is Byzantine iconoclasm? 1
Who were the Byzantines? 1
Terminology: icons, iconoclast, iconoclasm, iconomachy 3
Chronology: a brief sketch 4
The sources 5
Approach 6
2 The background 9
Belief and practice 9
The Orthodox hierarchy 9
Intercession 10
The cult of saints and the cult of relics 10
Relics, images and icons 11
Images not-made-by-human-hands 11
Images made by human hands 13
The changing role of icons 13
The Persian war and the Islamic conquests 15
Why did the role of icons shift around the year 680? 16
Conclusions 18
3 The beginnings of the image struggle 22
Constantine of Nakoleia, Thomas of Klaudioupoiis and local reactions against religious images 22
The political backdrop: Leo Ill's rise and achievements 24
Leo's rise to power 25
Leo and the Arabs 25
Leo's reforms 25
Was Leo III an iconoclast? 27
4 Constantine V, the 754 synod, and the imposition of an official anti-image policy 32
The iconoclast synod of 754 33
The destruction
and construction
of images 35
Artisanal production under Constantine V 39
Byzantium and its neighbours 45
The stabilisation of Byzantine frontiers 45
Byzantium and the west 46
The western response to the Council of 754 46
Constantine V and the monasteries: persecution or a response to treason? 47
Conclusions 49
5 The iconophile intermission 56
Leo IV (775-780) 57
Rome and the Bulgars 58
Eirene and Constantine VI (780-797), Nikaia II and the restoration of image veneration 59
Papal and Frankish responses to the 787 Council 62
The political background 62
The response to Nikaia II 62
Byzantine responses to the 787 Council 64
Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki 64
Other imperial commissions 65
Non-imperial commissions: the cross-in-square church plan 66
Monastic reform and new technologies of writing 68
The introduction of minuscule 69
Cross-cultural exchange 70
Icons and pilgrimage to Mount Sinai 70
Silks and cross-cultural exchange 72
Constantine VI and Eirene 77
The 'moichian controversy' and the deposition of Constantine VI 78
The empress Eirene (797-802) 79
Nikephoros I (802-811) and Michael I Rangabe (811-813) 81
6 The iconoclasts return 90
Why was 'iconoclasm' revived? 90
Theophilos and the Arabs 93
Theophilos (829-842) as emperor 94
Hagia Sophia and the new balance of power between church and state 95
Theophilos as builder
the Great Palace 98
Technology and diplomacy 100
Monks, nuns and monasteries 100
7 The 'triumph of orthodoxy' and the impact of the image crisis 107
Theodora, Michael III, Methodios and the synod of 843 107
Representation and register: theology and practice 109
Icons in theory: the theology of icons 109
Icons in practice 111
8 Conclusions: the impact of iconomachy and the invention of 'iconoclasm' 115
The impact of the image struggle on Orthodox liturgy and artisanal production 116
Women and icons 117
The invention of' iconoclasm' 120
Lazaros the painter 121
Other iconoclasms 124
Was 'iconoclasm' about icons? 125.
Subjects
Genre/Form
Church history.
History.
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