Introduction: Pan-African entanglements and cultural exchange
Vernacular Pan-African Entanglements: Langston Hughes and Claude McKay
Scale Enlargement A: Langston Hughes and the Caribbean. "Marks of a Rebellious Slave": Langston Hughes, Haiti, and Jacques Roumain
Scale Enlargement B: Hughes, McKay, and Negritude. "It Cancels the Slave Ship!": Aime Cesaire, the Haitian Revolution, and Langston Hughes
Scale Enlargement C: Langston Hughes and Africa. A "Song of Africa across Oceans and Centuries": Langston Hughes, Negritude, and South Africa
Cultural Exchange in Ask your mama
- Coda: "A Huge Wide Confraternity": Paule Marshall and Langston Hughes.