9780128128916

0128128917

9780128128909

0128128909

Current Topics in Developmental Biology ; 138

Intro

Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Preface

1. Chromatin regulation and dynamics

2. Long noncoding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins

3. Distinct modes of pluripotency

4. Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells

5. Metabolic control of cell state

6. Conclusions and perspectives

Chapter One: Chromatin regulation and dynamics in stem cells

1. Chromatin compaction, structure, and function

1.1. Nucleosomes are formed from DNA interacting with an octamer of four histone proteins

1.2. Chromatin structure balances DNA compaction and accessibility

2. Chromatin dynamics regulate gene expression

3. ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes establish and maintain chromatin state

3.1. SWI/SNF family nucleosome remodeling factors

3.2. INO80 family nucleosome remodeling factors

3.3. ISWI family nucleosome remodeling factors

3.4. CHD family nucleosome remodeling factors

3.5. Summary

4. Histone modifications provide an additional layer of gene regulation

4.1. Histone acetylation and deacetylation

4.2. Histone methylation and demethylation

4.3. Polycomb group proteins mediate H3K27me3 and silencing of developmental genes

5. Histone chaperones and histone variants regulate chromatin structure

6. Histone H2A variants

6.1. H2A.Z is a histone variant associated with active transcription

6.2. H2A.X is a marker of DNA double-strand breaks

6.3. macroH2A is associated with repression and heterochromatin

7. Histone H3 variants

7.1. H3.3 marks regulatory, repetitive, and actively transcribed regions

7.2. CENP-A is a centromere-specific variant of histone H3

8. Histone chaperones

8.1. FACT facilitates H2A/H2B dimer exchange to promote nucleosome-templated activities

8.2. CAF1 and ASF1 promote incorporation of H3 and H4 onto newly synthesized DNA

8.3. HIRA deposits H3.3 at actively transcribed and regulatory regions of chromatin

8.4. ATRX/DAXX deposit H3.3 at telomeres and pericentric heterochromatin

8.5. The NAP1 family import newly translated histones from the cytoplasm to the nucleus

8.6. INO80 family members possess both nucleosome remodeling and histone chaperone activities

9. Chromatin structure is dynamic and highly regulated

10. Stem cell chromatin is dynamic and tuned to regulate cell fate

11. ES cells carefully regulate their chromatin via specialized transcription factors

11.1. Master regulators of pluripotency

11.2. Pioneer transcription factors

12. Embryonic stem cell chromatin is poised for action

13. Histone modifications are specifically regulated in stem cells to maintain pluripotency and facilitate differentiation

13.1. H3K56ac regulates pluripotency factors and developmental regulators

13.2. Bivalent promoters mark lowly expressed but poised genes in ES cells

Stem Cells.

Cell Proliferation.