"This was the ugliest, deadest town I ever seen in my life" : migrants and reformers in the Steel City, 1915-1929
"A healthy and prosperous race" : the Urban League of Pittsburgh and the struggle for jobs, housing, and health, 1915-1929
"The weapons of legal defense" : the Pittsburgh NAACP and the criminal justice system, 1924-1934
"The ranks of this new army" : the Pittsburgh courier and the fight for political power and national recognition in the early Depression, 1929-1933
"The taken-for-granted rights of American citizenship" : reformers, civil equality, and educational justice, 1934-1937
"This great crusade" : reformers and the industrial labor movement, 1933-1939
"The freedoms we cherish" : the New Deal, World War II, and the Double V campaign, 1933-1945
Conclusion: The legacy of the black reform era.