1. Introduction and historical perspective
1.1. Principle of radiotherapy
1.2. Methods of radiotherapy delivery
1.3. The need for imaging in radiotherapy
1.4. Non-radiological image guidance systems
1.5. The advantages of IGRT
2. Two-dimensional (2D) off-line image guidance in radiation therapy
2.1. Radiographic film for image guidance
2.2. Computed radiography for image guidance
2.3. Advantages in the use of CR for portal imaging
2.4. Summary
3. Electronic portal imaging devices
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Video camera-based EPID
3.3. Fibre optic-based EPID
3.4. Liquid ion chamber-based EPID
3.5. Active-matrix, flat-panel imager (AMFPI)-based EPIDs
3.6. Clinical use of EPID
3.7. Summary
4. Two-dimensional (2D) kilovoltage image guidance systems
4.1. Kilovoltage (kV) x-ray-based stereoscopic imaging system
4.2. Gantry-mounted two-dimensional kV IGRT systems
4.3. Summary
5. Volumetric radiological image guidance systems
5.1. Introduction
5.2. CT on rails (in-room CT)
5.3. Tomotherapy
5.4. CBCT-based image guidance
5.5. Halcyon unit
5.6. kV CBCT-based IGRT
5.7. Image registration
5.8. Clinical applications of 3D image guidance
5.9. Summary
6. Commissioning, quality assurance and dose during IGRT
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Quality assurance program requirements
6.3. Commissioning and quality assurance of EPID
6.4. Commissioning and quality assurance of the stereoscopic imaging system
6.5. Commissioning and quality assurance of CT on-rails IGRT system
6.6. Commissioning and quality assurance of the TomoTherapy
6.7. Halcyon IGRT unit
6.8. Gantry mounted kV x-ray based planar and CBCT imaging system
6.9. Dose during image guidance
6.10. Summary
7. US for image guidance in external beam radiation therapy
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Physics of US imaging
7.3. US frequency
7.4. Scanning modes
7.5. US imaging techniques
7.6. Three-dimensional (3D) US imaging
7.7. US-based commercial IGRT systems
7.8. Workflow for inter-fraction and intra-fraction US imaging
7.9. Commissioning and quality assurance of a US-based IGRT system
7.10. Advantages of a US IGRT system
7.11. Challenges in the use of US system for IGRT
7.12. Summary
8. Magnetic resonance image-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT)
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Physics of MRI
8.3. The challenges in integrating MRI to a linac for image guidance
8.4. MRIgRT systems
8.5. Summary
9. Optical surface scanning : surface-guided radiotherapy (SGRT)
9.1. The science behind surface guidance
9.2. Clinical SGRT systems
9.3. The AlignRT system
9.4. The Catalyst(Tm)/Sentinel(Tm) system
9.5. Advantages of SGRT
9.6. Limitations of surface tracking systems
9.7. Summary.