9781496230584

1496230582

9781496230768

9781496230775

"Paternalism to Partnership provides a biographical sketch of each head of Indian affairs between 1786 and 2021, while also considering each commissioner's political philosophy"-- Provided by publisher.

"Paternalism to Partnership examines the administration of Indian affairs from 1786, when the first federal administrator was appointed, through 2021. David H. DeJong examines each administrator through a biographical sketch and excerpts of policy statements defining the administrator's political philosophy, drawn from official reports or the administrator's own writings. The Indian Office, as an executive agency under the Secretary of War (1789 to 1849) and secretary of the interior (1849 to present), was directed by the president of the United States. The superintendents, chief clerks, commissioners, and assistant secretaries for Indian affairs administered policy as prescribed by Congress and the president. Each was also given a level of discretion in administering this policy. For most of the federal-Indian relationship, administrators were limited in influencing policy. This paternalism continued well into the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1960s Congress and the president ameliorated their views on the federal-Indian relationship and moved away from paternalism. Since 1966 every administrator of the Bureau of Indian Affairs has been Native American, and each has exercised increasing authority in shaping policy. This has given rise to a federal-Indian partnership that has witnessed tribal nations again exercising their inherent rights of self-government. In this documentary history David H. DeJong follows the progression of federal Indian policy over more than two hundred years, providing firsthand accounts of how the federal-Indian relationship has changed over the centuries"-- Provided by publisher.

The Administration of Indian Affairs

John Harris, Superintendent of the Indian Trading Houses

William Irvine, Superintendent of the Indian Trading Houses

George W. Ingels, Superintendent of the Indian Trading Houses

William Davy, Superintendent of the Indian Trading Houses

John Shee, Superintendent of Indian Trade

John M. Mason, Superintendent of Indian Trade

Thomas McKenney, Superintendent of Indian Trade/Chief Clerk

William Clark, Superintendent of Indian Affairs

Samuel S. Hamilton, Chief Clerk

Elbert Herring, Chief Clerk, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Cary Allen Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Thomas Hartley Crawford, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

William Medill, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Orlando Brown, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Luke Lea, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

George W. Manypenny, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

James W. Denver, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Charles E. Mix, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Alfred B. Greenwood, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

William P. Dole, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Dennis N. Cooley, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Lewis V. Bogy, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Nathaniel G. Taylor, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Ely S. Parker, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Francis A. Walker, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Edward P. Smith, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

John Quincy Smith, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Ezra Hayt, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Roland E. Trowbridge, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Hiram Price, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

John Dewitt Clinton Atkins, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

John H. Oberly, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Thomas Jefferson Morgan, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Daniel M. Browning, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

William A. Jones, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Francis E. Leupp, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Robert G. Valentine, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Cato Sells, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Charles Henry Burke, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Charles James Rhoads, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

John Collier, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

William A. Brophy, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

John R. Nichols, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Dillion S. Myer, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Glenn L. Emmons, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Philleo Nash, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Robert F. Bennett, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Louis Rook Bruce, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Marvin L. Franklin, Assistant to the Secretary

Morris Thompson, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Ben Reifel, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Forrest J. Gerard, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

William E. Hallett, Commissioner of Indian Affairs

Thomas W. Fredericks, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Kenneth L. Smith, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Ross O. Swimmer, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Eddie F. Brown, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Ada E. Deer, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Kevin Gover, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Neil A. McCaleb, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

David W. Anderson, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Carl J. Artman, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Larry J. Echo Hawk, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Kevin K. Washburn, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Tara MacLean Sweeney, Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Conclusion.

United States. Office of Indian Affairs > Biography.

United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs > Biography.

Indians, Treatment of > United States.

Indians of North America > Government relations.