Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Self-Powered Sensory Transducers: A Way Toward Green Internet of Things
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need of the Work
1.3 Energy Scavenging Schemes in WSAN
1.3.1 Photovoltaic or Solar Cell
1.3.2 Temperature Gradient
1.3.3 Pressure Variations
1.3.4 Plant Microbial Fuel
1.3.5 Wind/Liquid Flow
1.3.6 Vibrations
1.3.7 Friction
1.4 Self Powered Systems and Green IoT (G-IoT)
1.5 Application Area and Scope of Self-Powered System in G-IoT
1.5.1 Terrestrial Applications
1.5.1.1 Agriculture
1.5.1.2 Smart Home and Cities
1.5.1.3 Industry
1.5.1.4 Medicines
1.5.1.5 Environment Monitoring
1.5.1.6 Structural Monitoring
1.5.1.7 Indoor Applications
1.5.1.8 Arial Vehicles
1.5.1.9 Military Applications
1.5.1.10 Underwater Applications
1.5.1.11 Submarine and Event Localization
1.5.1.12 Water Contamination
1.5.1.13 Intelligent Water Distribution and Smart Meter
1.5.1.14 Underground Applications
1.5.1.15 Coal and Petroleum Mining Application
1.5.1.16 Underground Structural Monitoring
1.6 Challenges and Future Scope of the Self-Powered G-IoT
1.6.1 Challenges Pertain to Energy Efficient Design and Protocols
1.6.2 Size and Cost of the Harvester
1.6.3 Energy-Efficient Routing and Scheduling Protocols
1.6.4 Design of Application-Specific Passive Wake-Up Receivers
1.6.5 Redefined Protocol with Application-Specific Goals
1.6.6 Embedded Operating Systems
1.6.7 AI and Cloud-Assisted Lifetime Prediction Techniques
1.6.8 Design of Energy-Efficient/Harvested Service-Oriented Architecture
1.6.9 Smart Web Interfaces for Monitoring
1.6.10 Cross Layer Exploitations with Energy Harvesting
1.6.11 Security Aspects and Need of Standardization
1.6.12 Challenges Related to Energy Harvesting Techniques
1.6.13 Generic Energy Generator
1.6.14 Hybrid Energy Sources
1.6.15 Cooperation Among Different Energy Sources
1.6.16 Energy Storage
1.6.17 Intelligent Prediction Model for Amount of Harvested Energy
1.6.18 Focus on Energy Generator for Underwater and Underground Applications
1.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Networks in Cyber Physical System
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Wireless Sensor Networks in CPS
2.3 Architecture of WSNs with Energy Harvesting
2.4 Energy Harvesting for WSN
2.5 Energy Harvesting Due to Mechanical Vibrations
2.6 Piezoelectric Generators
2.7 Piezoelectric Materials
2.8 Types of Piezoelectric Structures
2.8.1 Nanogenerators
2.8.2 Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
2.8.3 Triboelectric Nanogenerators
2.8.4 Pyroelectric Nanogenerators
2.8.5 Thermoelectric Nanogenerator
2.9 Hybridized Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting
2.10 Conclusion
References