Cover; Half-title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Contributors; Preface; Introduction; Foods, nutrition and sports performance: final consensus statement; 1 Limits of energy turnover in relation to physical performance, achievement of energy balance on a daily basis; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The lower limit of energy expenditure; 1.3 The upper limit of energy expenditure; 1.4 Changes in energy expenditure during a training programme; 1.5 Regulation of energy balance at a changing energy turnover; References; Appendix; Commentary by Kiens, Rodriguez and Hamm.
2 Carbohydrates and exercise2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Sources and body stores of carbohydrate; 2.3 Carbohydrate utilization during exercise; 2.4 Factors influencing carbohydrate utilization during exercise; Acknowledgement; References; 3 Timing and method of increased carbohydrate intake to cope with heavy training, competition and recovery; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Carbohydrate types and metabolic rates; 3.3 Muscle glycogen resynthesis following exercise; 3.4 Maximizing muscle glycogen prior to competition; 3.5 Pre-event nutrition; 3.6 Carbohydrate feeding during exercise; References.
6.4 EpilogueReferences; 7 Minerals: exercise performance and supplementation in athletes; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 General description of minerals; 7.3 Determination of mineral status; 7.4 Nutritional assessment of athletes; 7.5 Mineral status of athletes; 7.6 The relationship of mineral status and performance; 7.7 Should mineral supplements be recommended?; 7.8 Concluding remarks; References; 8 Fluid and electrolyte loss and replacement in exercise; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Availability of ingested fluids; 8.3 Metabolic effects of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise.
8.4 Fluid loss and temperature regulation8.5 Electrolyte loss in sweat and the effects on body fluids; 8.6 Fluid replacement during exercise; 8.7 Effects of fluid ingestion on performance; 8.8 Post-exercise rehydration; 8.9 Practical issues in fluid replacement during exercise; 8.10 Exercise intensity and duration; 8.11 Composition of drinks; 8.12 Environmental conditions; 8.13 State of training and acclimation; References; 9 Heat
sweat
dehydration
rehydration: a praxis oriented approach; References to Table 1; Index.
Commentary by Kiens, Rodriguez and HammCommentary by Brouns; 4 Effect of exercise on protein requirements; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Importance of protein; 4.3 Factors that affect protein need; 4.4 Summary and conclusions; References; 5 Importance of fat as a support nutrient for energy: metabolism of athletes; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Utilization of the fat depots; 5.3 FFA fluxes in circulation during exercise; 5.4 Adaptations by physical training; References; 6 Vitamin supplementation and physical exercise performance; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Prologue; 6.3 Vitamin supplementation studies.