1. Introduction 1 / M. Riad El-Ghonemy
Part I. The level of development at the turn of the century
2. Evaluating development, 1980-1997 / Richard H. Adams, jr.
Introduction 19
Life expectancy 21
Adult literacy 23
Income and poverty 25
Inequality 31
Productivity 34
Conclusion 39
Notes 42
References 45
3. The standard of living / M. Riad El-Ghonemy
Introduction: The meaning of the standard of living 42
Household consumption pattern 50
Globalization impact on household consumption 58
Nutrition and health 60
Environmental impact on human well-being 65
Conclusion: success and challenges 70
Suggested readings 72
Appendix 3.1, Selected articles of the 1971 Constitution and 1980 Amendments 73
Notes 75
References 78
Part II. Evaluating development experience and sectoral performance 82
4. Development strategies, 1950-2001: progress and challenges for the 21st century 83 / M. Riad El-Ghonemy
Introduction 83
Shifting development strategies 84
The character of the performance of the economy 94
Challenges into the 21st century 105.