Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Table of Contents; List of illustrations; List of contributors; Foreword; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; Introduction: democratization, Arab Spring and Arab women; Introduction; The intellectual scene; The fourth wave and the Arab Spring; Regime response; The Arab Spring; Arab women; Book organization; Notes; 1. Arab women and political development; Introduction; Arab women and political development: an overview; Political participation of Arab women; Women and political participation: the case of Jordan; Women in parliament.
Gender politics post-25 January 2011Conclusion; References; 5. The role of women in the Egyptian revolution of 25 January 2011; Introduction; Citizen journalists' representation of women's roles; Women's rights in Egypt since the revolution; Conclusion; References; 6. The Arab Spring and women in Kuwait; Introduction; Women and the modernization process in Kuwait; Women and the 2006, 2008 and 2009 elections; Arab Spring: the 2012 elections and Kuwait's current political impasse; Districts and election results of the Arab Spring 2012 parliament; The anti-Arab Spring parliament, 1 December 2012.
The Arab Spring: women in the opposition and pro-government movementsWomen in the opposition movement; Women in the pro-government movement; Female empowerment after the 'day of rage'; National Dialogue; By-elections to the parliament; Future repercussions; Conclusion; Notes; References; 4. An Egyptian Spring for women?; Introduction; An Egyptian women's movement? How did it evolve and what has it gained?; The Nasser regime and gender politics; Women during the Sadat regime; Mubarak, authoritarianism and the rights of women; The emergence of a new feminist movement?
Women in executive authorityWomen in political parties; The Arab Spring, democratization and women; Challenges impeding Arab women's participation in politics and public life; Political and cultural challenges; Shortcomings in the institutional and legal frameworks to implement policy; Scepticism about the strategies and agenda for Arab women's enhancement and development; Limitations and pitfalls of women's organizations and NGOs; The road ahead; Notes; 2. Gender empowerment in Algeria; Introduction; The Arab Spring and Algeria; Historical antecedents; The Family Code of 1984.
Women's rights as human rightsAssessing gender empowerment; Dimensions of gender empowerment; Conclusion; Notes; References; 3. Bahraini women and the Arab Spring: meeting the challenges of empowerment and emancipation; Introduction: Bahraini Arab Spring and women; Women and the political liberalization reforms; Economic empowerment; Political empowerment; Empowerment within family; Media campaigns; Limitations to female empowerment in Bahrain; Nationality; Labour market discrimination; Violence against women; Inheritance; General obstacles to empowerment.