0203987357

0203987357

9780203987353

0415220947

Routledge studies in ethics and moral theory ; 2

Cover; CLASSICAL UTILITARIANISM FROM HUME TO MILL; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; The aims of the book; Some notes for moral philosophers; A briefer note for political and legal theorists; PART I; 2 Utility and justice: Epicurus and the Epicurean tradition; Epicurus and ancient Epicureanism; Gassendi and modern Epicureanism; Gassendi's influence; Epicureanism in Grotius and Pufendorf; 3 Reading Hume backwards: Utility as the foundation of morals; Utility in the Enquiry and Treatise; The foundational role of utility.

Benevolence, justice and utilityUtility and morality; Enquiry versus Treatise; Hume and Bentham; 4 The idea of utility in Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments; Utility and justice; Smith and Hume on justice; Smith on utility: illusion and reality; Smith, Hume, and philosophical systems; Smith and Bentham; 5 Helvétius, the Scottish Enlightenment, and Bentham's idea of utility; Hume, Smith, and Helvétius; The role of the legislator; Utility and virtue; Helvétius and Bentham; De l'homme; Conclusion; 6 The idea of utility in Smith's Wealth of Nations; The 'invisible hand'

Majorities and minorities in practiceInterests, security, and equality; Popular sovereignty and majority rule; Democratic despotism; Tyranny of the majority; 15 Negative liberty; Negative liberty in Hobbes and Bentham; Bentham and Berlin on civil and political liberty; Liberty and democracy; Negative liberty worth fighting for; Notes; Bibliography; Index.

Mill and CarlyleThe Epicurean tradition; Quantity and quality; Socrates dissatisfied; 11 J.S. Mill on justice and liberty; Justice and utility; Justice and liberty; Liberty and the fragility of truth; PART II; 12 Punishment of the innocent; The idealist background; The post-utilitarian paradigm; The rejection of utilitarianism; 13 Individual sacrifice and the greatest happiness; Bentham's ultimate principle; The status of pleasure and pain; Secondary principles and rights; Maximize and minimize; Equality and rights in Bentham and Mill; 14 The tyranny of the majority.

Unintended consequences and the division of labourLiberty; Labour, liberty, and the progressive state; 7 Bentham and Smith on liberty; The opposition to Bentham; Defence of Usury and Bentham's other writings; Bentham's critique of Smith; Bentham's title; 8 William Paley as a utilitarian; Utility; Liberty; Conclusion; 9 Liberty, utility, and the reform of the criminal law; Liberty and the criminal law; Crime and punishment in Beccaria; Bentham's theory of proportion; The debate over the death penalty; Transportation and imprisonment; Enlightenment and reform; 10 J.S. Mill's hedonism.