Introduction
Problem-based learning and inquiry learning : are they the same?
Theoretical foundations of problem-based learning
Technology-enhanced problem-based learning
Higher order thinking in problem-based learning
Challenges in problem-based learning and scaffolding strategies
Cognitive maps or mind maps in educational contexts
Theoretical fundamental of cognitive mapping
Cognitive mapping for external representation of higher-order thinking
Building a theoretical framework for cognitive mapping-enhanced problem-based learning based on a systematic review
Using concept mapping to facilitate problem solving : an exploratory study
Using a three-dimensional cognitive mapping approach to support inquiry learning : an empirical study
Understanding cognitive map-enhanced problem solving from cognitive, meta-cognitive, social, and emotional perspectives
Assessment of problem-based learning and cognitive mapping
Conclusions and summary.