Introduction: The Transorbital Approaches
Part I. Anatomy and Classification of the Transorbital Approach
Superior Eyelid Transorbital Approaches: A Modular Classification System
Anatomy of the Orbit
Anatomy of the Skull Base
Part II. Perspectives on Transorbital Surgery
The Otolaryngology Perspective
The Rhinology Perspective
The Oculoplastics Perspective
The Neurosurgery Perspective
The Pediatrics Perspective
Part III. Sinonasal Pathology
Sinonasal Tumors
Part IV. Orbital Pathology
Extraconal Tumors
Intraconal Tumors
Part V. Skull Base Pathology: Middle Fossa
Meckel's Cave Schwannomas
Cavernous Sinus
Spheno-orbital Meningiomas: Indications and Limitations
Spheno-orbital Meningiomas: Results
Middle Fossa Meningiomas
Intra-axial Temporal Lobe Tumors
Insular Tumors
Part VI. Skull Base Pathology: Anterior Fossa
Traumatic CSF Leaks
Lateral Sphenoid Sinus CSF Leaks
Part VII. Skull Base Pathology: Posterior Fossa
Petrous Apex: Approach and Tumors
Petrous Apex Meningiomas
Part VIII. Vascular Pathology
Approach to the Sylvian Fissure
Intracranial Aneurysms
Carotid Cavernous Fistulas
Ligation of the Middle Meningeal Artery
Part IX. Technical Nuances
Anterior Clinoidectomy
The Sagittal Crest and Mid-Subtemporal Ridge
Lateral Orbital Rim Osteotomy
Harvesting a Pericranial Flap
Reconstruction and Postoperative Care
Comparison between Supraorbital and Transorbital Approaches
Choosing Between the Endoscopic Transorbital and the Endonasal Endoscopic Approaches
Transorbital Approach to the Skull Base Triangles
Multiportal Surgery
Part X. Complications of Transorbital Surgery
Neurologic Complications
Part XI. Future Applications of Transorbital Surgery
Transorbital Robotic Surgery and 3D Printing
3D Training Model for Endoscopic Endonasal and Transorbital Approaches.