Introduction / David J. Francis

Militias as a social phenomenon : towards a theoretical construction / Gani Yoroms

The Kamajor militia in Sierra Leone : liberators or nihilists? / Joe Alie

The Egbesu and Bakassi boys : African spiritism and the mystical re-traditionalisation of security / Kenneth Omeje

Civil militias : Indonesia and Nigeria in comparative perspective / Ruben Thorning

Civil militias : threats to national and human security in West Africa / Istifanus Zabadi

Counter-insurgents or ethnic vanguards? : civil militia and state violence in the Darfur region, Western Sudan / Usman Tar

The "anti-gang" civil militia in Cameroon and the threat to national and human security / Cage Banseka

Civil militias and militarisation of society in the Horn of Africa / Belachew Gebrewold

Protracted civil war, civil militias and political transition in Uganda since 1986 / Byanubanga Rukooko

Mayi Mayi and Interahamwe militias : threats to peace and security in the Great Lake region / Mucharia Munene

Civil defence forces and challenges to post-conflict security : international experiences and implications for Africa / Jeremy Ginifer and Hooman Peimani.

National security > Africa.

Militia movements > Africa.

Civil war > Africa.

Africa > Politics and government > 1960-