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Area handbook series,

DA pam ; 550-36.

Dominican Republic: historical setting / Jonathan Hartlyn. The first colony

The struggle for formal sovereignty

Ambivalent sovereignty, caudillo rule, and political instability. The infant republic, 1844-61 ; Annexation by Spain, 1861-65 ; The contest for power, 1865-82

Ulises Heureaux, growing financial dependence, and continued instability. Ulises Heureaux, 1882-99 ; Growing financial dependence and political instability

From the United States occupation (1916-24) to the emergence of Trujillo (1930)

The Trujillo era, 1930-61

Democratic struggles and failures ; Authoritarian Balaguer, 1966-78

The PRD in power and Balaguer, again

A new beginning?

Dominican Republic: the society and its environment / Lamar C. Wilson and Patricia Kluck. Geography . Natural regions ; Drainage ; Climate

Population. Size and growth ; Population distribution ; Migration ; Urbanization

Racial and ethnic groups. Ethnic heritage ; Modern immigration ; Haitians

Urban society. The elite ; The middle sector ; The urban poor

Rural society. Family and social relationships ; Land and poverty ; Sugar plantations ; Mixed farming

Family and kin

Religion

Culture. Literature ; Historical movements and architecture ; Popular culture: dance, music, and baseball

Education. Primary and secondary ; University

Health and social security

Dominican Republic: the economy / Boulos A. Malik. A developing economy

Economic policies. Fiscal policy ; Government role ; Privatization

Labor

Agriculture. Land policies ; Land use ; Cash crops ; Livestock ; Forestry and fishing

Industry. Manufacturing ; Mining ; Construction ; Energy

Services. Transportation ; Communications ; Tourism

Foreign economic relations. Foreign trade and balance of payments ; Foreign assistance

Outlook

Dominican Republic: government and politics / Jonathan Hartlyn. Historical legacies of authoritarian rule

The contemporary struggle for democracy

System of government. The evolution of constitutional doctrine ; The executive ; The legislature ; The judiciary ; Public administration ; Local government ; Electoral system

Political parties

Interest groups and social actors. Economic elites ; Middle class ; Trade unions and popular organizations ; Mass media ; Roman Catholic Church ; Armed forces

Foreign relations

Domincan Republic: national security / Jean Tartter. History and development of the armed forces

Role of the military in public life missions

Armed forces organization, training, and equipment. Army ; Navy ; Air force ; Manpower ; Defense spending ; Ranks, uniforms, and insignia

Internal security and public order. National police ; Criminal justice system ; Respect for human rights ; Penal system ; Narcotics trafficking.

Haiti: historical setting / Anne Green. Spanish discovery and colonization, 1492-1697

French colony of Saint-Domingue, 1697-1803

Fight for independence, 1791-1803

Early years of independence, 1804-43. Partition of Haiti, 1811-20 ; Jean-Pierre Boyer reunites Haiti, 1820-43

Increasing stability, 1843-1915

United States involvement in Haiti, 1915-34

From the end of the United States occupation to Duvalier, 1934-57

François Duvalier, 1957-71

Jean-Claude Duvalier, 1971-86

Post-Duvalier era, 1986-90

Aristide presidency, February 7, 1991-September 30, 1991

Military coup overthrows Aristide, September 30, 1991-October 1994

Democracy restored, 1994-96

Haiti: the society and its environment / Glenn R. Smucker. Geography

Natural resources. Land use and water ; Forestry and fuelwood ; Mining ; Coastal and marine resource ; Biodiversity ; Environmental crisis

Population. Demographic profile ; Migration

Social structure. The upper middle class ; The middle class ; Peasants ; Urban lower class

Gender roles and marriage

The language question. French and Creole ; Changes in language use ; Creole, literacy, and education

Religious life. Voodoo ; Roman Catholicism ; Protestantism

Education. Primary schools ; Secondary schools ; Higher education

Health. Fertility and family planning ; Nutrition and disease ; Health services ; Welfare

Haiti: the economy / Boulos A. Malik. Stages of development

Economic policies. Structural policy ; Fiscal policy ; Finance ; Balance of payments ; External debt ; Foreign aid

Labor

Agriculture. Land tenure ; Cash crops ; Food crops ; Forestry ; Livestock and fishing

Industry. Manufacturing ; Assembly sector ; Construction ; Mining ; Energy ; Transportation and communications ; Tourism

Outlook

Haiti: government and politics / Robert E. Maguire. From an international intervention to the presidency of René Préval, September 1994-December 1999. Restoration of constitutional government, September 1994-September 1995 ; Presidential transition, October 1995-March 1997 ; Balance of power and political gridlock, April 1997-January 1999 ; Unbalanced power: January-December 1999 ; Toward municipal, parliamentary, and presidential elections

Constitutional framework

Constitutional system. Governmental institutions ; Functions of government ; Urban dominance, rural exclusion: confronting entrenched patterns

Political dynamics. Political players and patterns of participation ; Maintenance and transfer of power ; The presidency and political culture ; Perceptions of democracy ; The mass media and the spread of information

Interest groups. Political parties ; Duvalierists and makout ; The elite ; Civil society

Foreign relations. Relations with the United States ; Relations with the Dominican Republic ; Relations with other countries

Haiti: national security / Jean Tartter. The military in Haitian history. The Duvalier era, 1957-86 ; The post-Duvalier period ; Disintegration and demobilization of the Haitian army, 1993-95

Structure and capabilities of the pre-1995 armed forces. Military spending and foreign assistance ; Role of the army in law enforcement prior to 1995

Haiti's external and domestic security concerns

Internal security since 1994. National police ; Recruitment, training, and equipment

Respect for human rights

Multinational security assistance

Judicial system. Prison system ; Narcotics trafficking.

List of figures. Dominican Republic and Haiti: topography and drainage ; Dominican Republic: administrative divisions, 1999 ; Dominican Republic: population distribution by age and sex, 1993 census ; Dominican Republic: transportation system, 1999 ; Dominican Republic: structure of the government, 1999 ; Dominican Republic: organization of the armed forces, 1999 ; Dominican Republic: military bases and headquarters, 1999 ; Dominican Republic: officer ranks and insignia, 1999 ; Dominican Republic: enlisted ranks and insignia, 1999 ; Dominican Republic: organization of internal security agencies, 1999 ; Haiti: administrative divisions, 1999 ; Haiti: population distribution by age and sex, 1995 ; Haiti: transportation system, 1999 ; Organization of the Haitian national police, 1999.