"A Negro and by consequence an alien" : local regulations and the making of race, 1500s-1700s
The "inconvenience" of Black freedom : manumission, 1500s-1700s
"The natural right of all mankind" : claiming freedom in the Age of Revolution, 1760-1830
"Rules ... for their expulsion" : foreclosing freedom, 1830-1860
"Not of the same blood" : policing racial boundaries, 1830-1860
Conclusion: "Home-born citizens" : the significance of free people of color.